tempestuous

adj
/tɛmˈpɛs.tjʊ.əs/UK/tɛmˈpɛs.tʃu.əs/US

Etymology

From Late Middle English tempestious, tempestous, tempestuous (“stormy, turbulent, tempestuous”), from Anglo-Norman tempestous, and Old French tempesteus, tempestos, tempestous, tempestuose (modern French tempétueux), and directly from its etymon Latin tempestuōsus (“stormy, turbulent, tempestuous; impetuous”), from tempestās, tempestūs (“point or period of time; season; weather, specifically bad weather; storm, tempest”) (from tempus (“period of time; (rare) weather”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *temh₁- (“to cut”) or *ten- (“to extend, stretch”)) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of; overly; prone to’ forming adjectives from nouns). The English word is equivalent to tempest + -uous (a variant of -ous (suffix forming adjectives from nouns, denoting the presence of a quality, typically in abundance)).

  1. derived from *temh₁- — “to cut
  2. derived from tempestuōsus — “stormy, turbulent, tempestuous; impetuous
  3. derived from tempesteus
  4. derived from tempestous
  5. inherited from tempestious

Definitions

  1. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a tempest

    Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a tempest; also, of a place: frequently experiencing tempests; (very) stormy.

    • [A] turbulent and tempeſtuous ſtorme aroſe, that encloſed them on everie ſide, ſo that laying aſide all hope, they vvere in utter deſpaire of their life, ſecuritie, or any helpe at all.
    • A tempeſtuous noiſe of Thunder and Lightning heard: Enter a Ship-maſter, and a Boteſvvaine.
  2. Characterized by disorderly, frenetic, or violent activity

    Characterized by disorderly, frenetic, or violent activity; stormy, tumultuous, turbulent; also, of a person, their behaviour or nature, etc.: characterized by bouts of bad temper or sudden changes of mood; impetuous, stormy, temperamental.

    • After their tempestuous argument, they did not speak to each other for weeks.
    • Yet I confesse in that tempestious hast [i.e., haste], / I said, that I from out thy sight was cast: / But thou didst heare, when I to thee did moane, / Then love the Lord all ye that feele his grace: […]
    • [H]e vvould not ſuffer any farther inquiſition and examination to be had of the conſpirators, for feare leſt by ſtriking a terror among ſo many, the tempeſtuous troubles of the provinces vvhich vvere vvell appeaſed might revive again.

The neighborhood

Vish — recursive loop

A definitional loop anchored at tempestuous. Each word in the ring is defined by the next; follow the chain far enough and it folds back on itself. Scroll to it and watch.

01tempestuous02tempests03tempest04commotion05turbulent

A definitional loop anchored at tempestuous. Each word in the ring appears in the definition of the next; follow the chain far enough and it folds back on itself.

5 hops · closes at tempestuous

curated · pre-corpus. live cycle detection across the full graph is the next major milestone.

sense glosses and etymology drawn from English Wiktionary · source · CC-BY-SA