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rough

adj
/ɹʌf/US/ɹɐf/

Etymology

From Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).

  1. inherited from *rūhaz✻
  2. inherited from rūg
  3. inherited from rough

Definitions

  1. Not smooth

    Not smooth; uneven.

    • rough hands
    • rough stone
    • rough surface

  2. Approximate

    Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.

    • a rough copy
    • a rough estimate
    • a rough guess

  3. Turbulent.

    • rough sea
    • rough water
    • rough weather
  4. ›+ 27 more definitions

    1. Difficult

      Difficult; trying.

      • Being a teenager nowadays can be rough.

    2. Crude

      Crude; unrefined.

      • His manners are a bit rough, but he means well.

    3. Worn

      Worn; shabby; weather-beaten.

      • "You find us a bit rough," apologized the young man, with something of contempt towards his surroundings. "We weren't expecting visitors."

    4. Having socio-economic problems, hence possibly dangerous.

      • the rough bit of town

    5. Violent

      Violent; not careful or subtle.

      • rough words
      • This box has been through some rough handling.

    6. Loud and hoarse

      Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.

      • a rough tone
      • a rough voice
      • But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song, / And smooth or rough, with them

    7. Not polished

      Not polished; uncut.

      • a rough diamond

    8. Harsh-tasting.

      • rough wine

    9. Somewhat ill

      Somewhat ill; sick; in poor condition.

    10. Unwell due to alcohol

      Unwell due to alcohol; hungover.

    11. Of or relating to the rough breathing in the Greek language.

    12. The unmowed part of a golf course.

    13. A rude fellow

      A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.

    14. A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target…

      A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.

    15. The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.

    16. A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic…

      A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.

    17. Boisterous weather.

      • In calms you fish; in roughs use songs and dances.

    18. A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.

    19. To create in an approximate form.

      • Rough in the shape first, then polish the details.

    20. To break the rules by being excessively violent.

      • […] roughing is not a part of the sport, and will not be tolerated. Referees will not permit unfair practices that may cause injury to a contestant, and are held strictly responsible for enforcing these rules.

    21. To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.

    22. To render rough

      To render rough; to roughen.

    23. To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.

      • To Rough Horses, a word in familiar use among the dragoons to signify the act of breaking in horses, so as to adapt them to military purposes.

    24. To endure primitive conditions.

      • to rough it
      • “[…]Oh, but my husband is never so happy as when he is travelling. He likes roughing it. . . . My husband. . . . My husband. . . .”
      • I was able to help Trudy set up camp and everything else, of course there are different ways to camp the usual comfortable way or roughed we of course roughed it and I did my best to keep warm.

    25. To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.

    26. In a rough manner

      In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.

      • I will warrant they prove such roaring boys as I knew when I served under Lumford and Goring, [...] —sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their boats. Ah! those merry days are gone.

    27. A surname.

The neighborhood

Derived

cut up rough, dog rough, have a rough time of it, have it rough, in rough, in the rough, lie rough, live rough, macrorough, microrough, nanorough, nonrough, oak rough bulletgall wasp, overrough, rough and ready, rough-and-ready, rough and tumble, rough around the edges, rough-backed litter snake, rough bedstraw, rough bent, rough bentgrass, rough bluegrass, rough-book, rough book, rough breathing, roughcast, roughcaster, rough collie, Rough Common, rough cut, rough diamond, rough-draw, rough draw, roughdrawn, rough-dressed, roughdry, rough-edged, rough edges, rough end of the pineapple · +75 more

Vish — recursive loop

A definitional loop anchored at rough. Each word in the ring is defined by the next; follow the chain far enough and it folds back on itself. Scroll to it and watch.

01rough02uneven03spots04spot05texture06roughness07roughage

A definitional loop anchored at rough. Each word in the ring appears in the definition of the next; follow the chain far enough and it folds back on itself.

7 hops · closes at rough

curated · pre-corpus. live cycle detection across the full graph is the next major milestone.

sense glosses and etymology drawn from English Wiktionary · source · CC-BY-SA