close

verb
/ˈkləʊz/UK/ˈkloʊ̯z/US/kləʊs/UK/kloʊs/US

Etymology

From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudō (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείω (kleíō), κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Russian заключи́ть (zaključítʹ) (via ключ (ključ)), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock). Doublet of clause.

  1. derived from *kleh₂w-
  2. derived from clausus
  3. derived from clos
  4. inherited from clos — “close, shut up, confined, secret
  5. inherited from clȳsan
  6. inherited from clusen — “to close
  7. inherited from closen

Definitions

  1. To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through.

    • Close the door behind you when you leave.
    • Many flowers close at night.
    • Jim closed his eyes and reclined back in his chair.
  2. To finish.

    • The committee chairman made a few concluding remarks and then closed the session.
    • to close a bargain;   to close a course of instruction
    • One frugal supper did our studies close.
  3. To make or become non-operational or unavailable for use.

    • We are closing the phone lines at 9 pm.
    • Your account has been closed because of non-payment.
    • They closed the airport because of a bomb scare.
  4. + 29 more definitions
    1. To come or gather around

      To come or gather around; to enclose.

      • The depth closed me round about.
      • But now Thou dost Thyself immure and close / In some one corner of a feeble heart; / Where yet both Sinne and Satan, Thy old foes, / Do pinch and straiten Thee, and use much art / To gain Thy thirds' and little part.
    2. To have a vector sum of 0

      To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.

    3. An end or conclusion.

      • We owe them our thanks for bringing the project to a successful close.
      • His long and troubled life was drawing to a close.
    4. The manner of shutting

      The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.

      • The doors of plank were; their close exquisite.
    5. The point at the end of a sales pitch when the consumer is asked to buy.

      • Regardless of the situation, the minute you feel it's time for the close, try it.
    6. A grapple in wrestling.

      • The intestine shocke, And furious cloze of ciuill Butchery.
    7. The conclusion of a strain of music

      The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.

      • At every close she made, the attending throng / Replied, and bore the burden of the song.
    8. A double bar marking the end.

    9. The time when check-in staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.

    10. Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly

      Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly; see also close to.

      • Is your house close?
      • Christmas is getting close.
    11. Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc.

      • a close alley; close quarters; close confines
      • [...] he took to wondering what possible temptation could have induced a dingy-looking fly that was crawling over his pantaloons, to come into a close prison, when he had the choice of so many airy situations [...]
    12. Rigorous, careful, etc.

      • The patient was kept under close observation.
      • Keep a close eye on him.
    13. Short.

      • to cut grass or hair close
    14. Closed, shut.

      • There is no thinge ſo cloſe / that ſhall not be openned / and no thinge ſo hyd that ſhall not be knowen.
      • As the alchymists were assiduous workmen—as they mixed all the metals, salts, &c... and subjected such mixtures to the action of heat in close vessels, their labours were occasionally repaid by the discovery of new substances...
      • I mounted into the window-seat: gathering up my feet, I sat cross-legged, like a Turk; and, having drawn the red moreen curtain nearly close, I was shrined in double retirement.
    15. Articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate.

    16. With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant)

      With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant); (of wings) in this posture.

      • Crest, a cockatrice, wings close, vert, combed and wattled gu.
      • Sable, an eagle close or - ROPER, Derby. / Sable, a chevron ermine between three eagles close argent - GAMES, Leicester, granted 1614. / Sable a chevron between three eagles close argent - JERVOISE.
      • Arms : Azure, a chevron ermine between three cross - crosslets fitchy argent. Crest : An eagle close argent, ducally gorged.
    17. Difficult to obtain.

      • Money is close.
      • Some of these parties have not paid their last payment, because money was close last fall.
    18. Parsimonious

      Parsimonious; stingy.

      • Yet were these Florentines as self-retired / In hungry pride and gainful cowardice, / As two close Hebrews in that land inspired, / Paled in and vineyarded from beggar-spies; [...]
      • [...] he was a crusty old fellow, as close as a vice.
      • Though a hard-grained man, close, dry, and silent, he can enjoy old wine with the best. He has a priceless bin of port in some artful cellar under the Fields, which is one of his many secrets.
    19. Out of the way of observation

      Out of the way of observation; secluded; secret; hidden.

      • He yet kept himself close because of Saul.
      • her close intent
    20. Concise

      Concise; to the point.

      • close reasoning
      • Where the original is close no version can reach it in the same compass.
    21. Marked, evident.

    22. In a close manner (limited contexts

      In a close manner (limited contexts; more often closely).

      • The car behind was following too close and could not brake in time.
      • Please stay close together.
    23. An enclosed field, especially a field enclosed around a (usually religious) building.

    24. A street that ends in a dead end.

    25. A very narrow alley between two buildings, often overhung by one of the buildings above…

      A very narrow alley between two buildings, often overhung by one of the buildings above the ground floor.

    26. The common staircase in a tenement.

      • The woman nodded at a nearby flight of steps. 'This is my close. We can talk in here. Come on.'.
    27. A cathedral close.

      • closes surrounded by the venerable abodes of deans and canons.
    28. The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not enclosed

    29. A surname.

The neighborhood

Vish — recursive loop

A definitional loop anchored at close. Each word in the ring is defined by the next; follow the chain far enough and it folds back on itself. Scroll to it and watch.

01close02finish03metal04moulded05mould06mold07shaped08appearance09presence

A definitional loop anchored at close. Each word in the ring appears in the definition of the next; follow the chain far enough and it folds back on itself.

9 hops · closes at close

curated · pre-corpus. live cycle detection across the full graph is the next major milestone.

sense glosses and etymology drawn from English Wiktionary · source · CC-BY-SA