bear

noun
/bɛə/UK/bɜː(ɹ)//bɛɚ/CA/bɪə/UK/bɪɚ/US

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-der.? Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-der. Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer-der. Proto-Germanic *berô Proto-West Germanic *berō Old English bera Middle English bere English bear From Middle English bere, from Old English bera, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“brown”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Boar, Boare (“bear”), West Frisian bear (“bear”), Cimbrian and Mòcheno per (“bear”), Dutch beer (“bear”), German Bär (“bear”), German Low German Boor (“bear”), Limburgish baer, Béër (“bear”), Luxembourgish Bier (“bear”), Vilamovian baor, bar (“bear”), West Flemish beir (“bear”), Yiddish בער (ber, “bear”), Danish, Faroese, and Norwegian Bokmål bjørn (“bear”), Icelandic and Swedish björn (“bear”), Norwegian Nynorsk bjøinn, bjønn, bjørn (“bear”), Gothic *𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰 (*baira, “bear”). etymology notes This is generally taken to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“shining, brown”) (compare Tocharian A parno, Tocharian B perne (“radiant, luminous”), Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)), related to brown, bruin, and beaver. On this theory, the Germanic languages replaced the older name of the bear, *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, with the epithet "brown one", presumably due to taboo avoidance; compare Russian медве́дь (medvédʹ, “bear”, literally “honey-eater”). However, Ringe (2006:106) doubts the existence of a root *bʰer- meaning "brown" ("an actual PIE word of [the requisite] shape and meaning is not recoverable") and suggests that a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”) "should therefore perhaps be preferred", implying a Germanic merger of *ǵʰw and *gʷʰ (*gʷʰ may sometimes result in Germanic *b, perhaps e.g. in *bidjaną, but it also seems to have given the g in gun and the w in warm).

  1. derived from *ǵʰwer- — “wild animal
  2. derived from *bʰerH- — “shining, brown
  3. inherited from *bʰerH- — “brown
  4. inherited from *berô
  5. inherited from *berō
  6. inherited from bera
  7. inherited from bere

Definitions

  1. A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or…

    A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), having shaggy fur, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae.

  2. A rough, unmannerly, uncouth person.

  3. An investor who sells commodities, securities, or futures in anticipation of a fall in…

    An investor who sells commodities, securities, or futures in anticipation of a fall in prices.

  4. + 21 more definitions
    1. A state policeman (short for Smokey Bear).

      • 'The bear's pulling somebody off there at 74,' reported someone else.
      • He was listening for reports of Kojaks with Kodaks, or bear sightings (cop alerts) at his front door (ahead of him), especially plain wrappers (unmarked police cars) parked at specific yardsticks (mile-markers) taking pictures […]
    2. A large, hairy man, especially one who is homosexual.

      • Bears are usually hunky, chunky types reminiscent of railroad engineers and former football greats.
      • Bear sought by masculine white male, 30, 5'8", 165 lbs, for weekly safe encounter. I'm in a long-term relationship and seek outside fun. You: tall, masculine, over 200 lbs, discreet, moustache.
      • I have everything it takes to be a bear: broad shoulders, full beard, semibald pate, and lots of body hair. But I don't want to be a fetish.
    3. A koala (bear).

      • Bunyip Bluegum was a tidy bear, he objected to whisker soup[.]
    4. A portable punching machine.

    5. A block covered with coarse matting, used to scour the deck.

    6. The fifteenth Lenormand card.

    7. Something difficult or tiresome

      Something difficult or tiresome; a burden or chore.

      • That window can be a bear to open.
      • "This was a real bear to refinish. You can't believe how hard it was right here to get a thousand years of crud out of this carving."
    8. To endeavour to depress the price of, or prices in.

      • to bear a railroad stock
      • to bear the market
    9. Characterized by declining prices in securities markets or by belief that the prices will…

      Characterized by declining prices in securities markets or by belief that the prices will fall.

      • The great bear market starting in 1929 scared a whole generation of investors.
    10. To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.

      • They came bearing gifts.
      • Judging from the look on his face, he wasn't bearing good news.
      • The little boat bore us to our destination.
    11. To support, sustain, or endure.

      • This stone bears most of the weight.
    12. To support, keep up, or maintain.

      • […] admitted to that equal sky, / His faithful dog shall bear him company.
    13. To press or impinge upon.

      • The rope has frayed where it bears on the rim of the wheel.
      • These men therefore bear hard upon the suspected party.
    14. To produce, yield, give birth to.

      • In Troy she becomes Paris’ wife, bearing him several children, all of whom die in infancy.
      • The twins were borne by an Italian mother.
    15. To be, or head, in a specific direction or azimuth (from somewhere).

      • Carry on past the church and then bear left at the junction.
      • By my readings, we're bearing due south, so we should turn about ten degrees east.
      • Great Falls bears north of Bozeman.
    16. To gain or win.

      • Some think to bear it by speaking a great word.
      • She was […] found not guilty, through bearing of friends and bribing of the judge.
    17. Alternative spelling of bere (“barley”).

      • There are several plots of those species of barley called big, which is six-rowed barley; or bear, which is four-rowed, cultivated.
      • Bigg or bear, with four grains on the ear, was the kind of barley.
      • Two stacks of beare, of xx boules,
    18. Alternative spelling of bere (“pillowcase”).

      • ij payer of schete, ij pelows wt the berys,
    19. A surname.

    20. The constellation Ursa Major.

      • But he must ever watch the northern Bear, Who from her frozen height with jealous eye Confronts the Dog and the Hunter in the south, And is alone not dipt in Ocean's stream.
    21. A male given name.

      • Liam Payne, a former member of the boyband One Direction, has died after falling from the third floor of a hotel in Buenos Aires, Argentina, according to local police. Payne, who was 31, leaves behind his seven-year-old son, Bear.

The neighborhood

Vish — recursive loop

A definitional loop anchored at bear. Each word in the ring is defined by the next; follow the chain far enough and it folds back on itself. Scroll to it and watch.

01bear02prices03price04worth05worthwhile06good07capability08power09undergo

A definitional loop anchored at bear. Each word in the ring appears in the definition of the next; follow the chain far enough and it folds back on itself.

9 hops · closes at bear

curated · pre-corpus. live cycle detection across the full graph is the next major milestone.

sense glosses and etymology drawn from English Wiktionary · source · CC-BY-SA