-ed
suffixEtymology
From Middle English -ed, by apocope from -ede, -eden, from Old English -ode, -odon (class 2 weak past ending). During the Middle English period, this ending absorbed the class 1 weak past endings (-de, -don) through morphological leveling. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ede (“-ed”, first person singular past indicative ending), Low German -de (“-ed”, first and third person singular past indicative ending), Dutch -d (“-ed”), German -t (“-ed”), Swedish -ade (“-ed”), Icelandic -aði (“-ed”). See -t for the devoiced variant.
Definitions
Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form…
Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.
- live + -ed → lived
- Once upon a time a little princess lived with her mother in a lonely castle.
- Jose phoned five minutes ago.
Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants.
- point + -ed → pointed
- He has pointed at the dog.
- There's the abandoned mineshaft.
Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object…
Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.
- point + -ed → pointed
- horn + -ed → horned
- hoof + -ed → hooved
›+ 1 more definitionshow fewer
As an extension of the above, used to form possessional adjectives from adjective-noun…
As an extension of the above, used to form possessional adjectives from adjective-noun pairs.
- red + hair + -ed → red-haired
- left + hand + -ed → left-handed
- two + prong(s) + -ed → two-pronged
The neighborhood
Vish — recursive loop
No curated loop yet for -ed. Loops are being traced one word at a time while the ingestion pipeline matures.
sense glosses and etymology drawn from English Wiktionary · source · CC-BY-SA